The Global War On Civilians: 1905-1945

ERC Advanced Grant that explores the evolution of types of warfare that explicitly targeted the enemy’s civil population during the first half of the 20th century

Our Research Team

Sheldon GARON

Principal Investigator

Sheldon Garon is the Nissan Professor of History and East Asian Studies at Princeton University. A specialist in modern Japanese history, he also writes transnational/global history.

Publications include Beyond Our Means: Why America Spends While the World Saves (2012); Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (1997); and The State and Labor in Modern Japan (1987). His explorations in global history include: “On the Transnational Destruction of Cities: What Japan and the United States Learned from the Bombing of Britain and Germany in the Second World War,” Past & Present (2020); “Operation STARVATION, 1945: A Transnational History of Blockades and the Defeat of Japan,” The International History Review (2024); and “Transnational History and Japan’s ‘Comparative Advantage’,” Journal of Japanese Studies (2017).

He has supervised more than 30 Ph.D. dissertations at Princeton. A Ph.D. in History from Yale University, he has received numerous awards and fellowships, including Japan’s Order of the Rising Sun: Golden Rays, the Humboldt Research Award, and the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship at the Paris Institute for Advanced Study.

Sheldon GARON

Mariella TERZOLI

Postdoctoral Researcher

Mariella Terzoli earned her PhD in contemporary history in 2023 at the University of Milan in cotutelle with the Écoles des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris.

Her research was focused on the Italians who fought in Indochina within the French Foreign Legion (1946-1956), from enlistment to the end of their contracts.

She subsequently began a one-year postdoc at the University of Rome “La Sapienza” on the production and circulation of trade guns from Europe to Central Africa in the 19th Century.

Mariella TERZOLI

Anne VAN MOURIK

Postdoctoral Researcher

Anne van Mourik defends her PhD titled Mobilizing Hunger: War and Textbooks in Germany 1914-2020 at the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust, and Genocide Studies and University of Amsterdam in 2025.

Anne van Mourik is interested in how societies deal with war and mass violence. She explores the significance of German war related hunger periods in German education and shows how these afterlives became crucial for German identity formation and state building.

Previously she was involved in projects on the role of the Dutch Red Cross during WWII and Dutch violence in Indonesia (1945-1950).

Anne is the creator of the NIOD-Rewind Podcast on war and violence and her recent publications include articles in The Journal of Transatlantic Studies and Holocaust and Genocide Studies (2024, 2025).

Anne VAN MOURIK

Boyd VAN DIJK

Senior Researcher

Boyd Van Dijk is an historian of the international order and is working on a new book (now under contract with OUP) recovering a global history of the ideas and practice of international law in wartime.

He was a McKenzie Fellow at the University of Melbourne and Oxford Martin Fellow at the University of Oxford.

He is also the author of the prize-winning monograph Preparing for War: The Making of the Geneva Conventions (OUP), and has written articles for Past & Present, the Law and History Review, and the American Journal of International Law.

Boyd van Dijk

Administrative Support

Alexandra SHUBENKOVA

Project Manager

Alexandra Shubenkova is an alumna of the Institut National du Service Public (formerly École Nationale d'Administration) and earned her PhD in Political Science from the National Research University Higher School of Economics.

As a Research Fellow, she gained extensive experience in scientific research and grant management. Her academic interests focus on political institutions and the behavior of political elites.

Alexandra has published on political science and public administration in Comparative Political Science, The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, and the Springer's Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance.

Alexandra SHUBENKOVA